- What is heredity?
The transmission of traits from one generation the the next.
- What is genetics?
Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and heredity variation.
- What are the two types of reproduction?
Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
5 Main Facts:
- One of the characteristics of life is the ability of organisms to reproduce their own kind.
- Offspring resemble their parents more than they do unrelated individuals.
- Parents endow their offspring with coded information in the form of hereditary units called gene.
- Only organisms that reproduce asexually produce offspring that are exact copies of themselves.
- In meiosis, DNA replication occurs during interphase before meiosis I begins.
Diagram
A spindle apparatus was formed. In the late prophase II, chromososmes, each still composed of two chromatids associated at the centromere, move toward the metaphase II plate.
Summary
One of the characteristics of life is the ability of organisms to reproduce their own kind. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called inheritance. However, sons and daughters are not identical copies of their parent or their siblings.
Parents endow their offspring with coded information in the form of hereditary units called genes. The transmission of hereditary traits has its molecular basis in the precise replication of DNA, which produces copies of genes that can be passed along from parents to offspring.
Video
10 Key Terms
- Variation: differences between members of the same species.
- Locus: a specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located.
- Gamete: a haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm.
- Asexual reproduction: the generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes.
- Sexual reproduction: a type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the parents.
- Karyotype: a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
- Sex chromosome: a chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual.
- Autosome: a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex.
- Fertilization: the union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
- Zygote: the diploid product of the union of haploid gametes during fertilization.
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