Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell

3 Main Questions:
- What is nucleus?
An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons.
- What does nucleus contains in the eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus contain most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell.
- What is the nuclear envelope function?
Encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm.

5 Main Facts:
- Cell fractionation is a useful technique for studying cell structure and function.
- Microscopes are the most important tools of cytology.
- Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
- Cells that have high rates of protein synthesis have particularly large numbers of ribosomes.
- Lysosomal enzymes work best in the acidic environment found in lysosomes.

Diagram
The central vacuole is mostly the largest part in a plant cell. The rest of the cytoplasm is mainly confined to a narrow zone between the vacuolar membrane and the plasma membrane.

Summary
Chapter 6 is a brief introduction about cell. Furthermore, different types of microscopes were described. Microscope is an important equipment for study Biology. There are four types of microscopes which are well known: light microscope(LM), electron microscope(EM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the most basic structural and functional unit of every organism. All cells are bounded by a selective barrier called the plasma membrane. Chromosomes are found in all cells which carry genes in the form of DNA.

Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zufaN_aetZI&feature=fvw

10 Key Terms:
- Cytoplasm: the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
- Nucleoid: a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
- Cytosol: the semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.
- Chromatin: the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome.
- Ribosome: a complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
- Vesicle: a sac made of membranes in the cytoplasm.
- Glycoprotein: a protein which one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it.
- Golgi apparatus: an organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesize some products, notably non cellulose carbohydrates.
- Phagocytosis: a type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances taken up by a cell.
- Lysosome: a membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and some protists.